BALB/c Nude female mice were adjusted for 7 days in a SPF room and divided into 2 groups (6 mice per group): DMSO and NL01 (5 mg/kg). NL01 was dissolved in 1% carboxymethylcellulose (Millipore, USA). DMSO (control) used the same volume of vehicle (1% carboxymethylcellulose). HO8910PM cells were grown in tissue culture, and counted. 1 x 10⁶ cells were inoculated to subcutaneously. Ten days after inoculation, the drugs were administered every five days subcutaneously to the mice for 15 days.

BALB/c Nude female mice were adjusted for 7 days in a SPF room and divided into 2 groups (6 mice per group): DMSO and NL01 (5 mg/kg). NL01 was dissolved in 1% carboxymethylcellulose (Millipore, USA). DMSO (control) used the same volume of vehicle (1% carboxymethylcellulose). HO8910PM cells were grown in tissue culture, and counted. 1 x 10⁶ cells were inoculated to subcutaneously. Ten days after inoculation, the drugs were administered every five days subcutaneously to the mice for 15 days.

SPF-level male nude mice aged 56weeks and weighted around 20 g were purchased from Vitalriver (China). All mice were maintained in a 12-hour circadian rhythm, and had free access to water and food. Cancer cells were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of mice. Lidocaine was administrated to mice at a dose of 1.5 mg per kg injected through the vail tails. For control group, the mice were treated with saline. Tumor volume and mice body weight were monitored every 5 days.

Athymic nu/nu female mice aged 6-8 weeks (n = 9; mean weight, 20.21 ± 1.54 g) were purchased from the specific pathogen SPF (Beijing) Lab Animals Technology Co. Ltd. Mice were housed in a temperature- and humidity-controlled environment (20-24 , 45-55% humidity), with free access to food and water and in groups of three. All procedures were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC ID: 17-3256) at Nantong University and performed in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

4-6-week-old female BALB/c nu/nu mice obtained from SLAC Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. were bred and maintained in our institutional pathogen-free mouse facilities. Ovarian tumors were established by subcutaneously injecting 5 x 10⁶ SKOV3 cells in 100 ul of PBS buffer into the right flank of 6-week-old nude mice (four mice for each group). At the end of 3 weeks, mice were killed and in vivo solid tumors were dissected and weighed.

Female 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from SLA Laboratory Animal (Changsha, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. 2 x 10⁶ A2780 or 1 x 10⁶ HEY cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to grow tumors up to approximately 100 mm³. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected olaparib (100 mg/kg) or/and liproxstatin-1 (10 mg/kg, A2780) or/and sulfasalazine (250 mg/kg, HEY) until the endpoint indicated in the corresponding figures.

Female 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from SLA Laboratory Animal (Changsha, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. 2 x 10⁶ A2780 or 1 x 10⁶ HEY cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to grow tumors up to approximately 100 mm³. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected olaparib (100 mg/kg) or/and liproxstatin-1 (10 mg/kg, A2780) or/and sulfasalazine (250 mg/kg, HEY) until the endpoint indicated in the corresponding figures.

Female 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from SLA Laboratory Animal (Changsha, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. 2 x 10⁶ A2780 or 1 x 10⁶ HEY cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to grow tumors up to approximately 100 mm³. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected olaparib (100 mg/kg) or/and liproxstatin-1 (10 mg/kg, A2780) or/and sulfasalazine (250 mg/kg, HEY) until the endpoint indicated in the corresponding figures.

Female 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from SLA Laboratory Animal (Changsha, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. 2 x 10⁶ A2780 or 1 x 10⁶ HEY cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to grow tumors up to approximately 100 mm³. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected olaparib (100 mg/kg) or/and liproxstatin-1 (10 mg/kg, A2780) or/and sulfasalazine (250 mg/kg, HEY) until the endpoint indicated in the corresponding figures.

Female 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from SLA Laboratory Animal (Changsha, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. 2 x 10⁶ A2780 or 1 x 10⁶ HEY cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to grow tumors up to approximately 100 mm³. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected olaparib (100 mg/kg) or/and liproxstatin-1 (10 mg/kg, A2780) or/and sulfasalazine (250 mg/kg, HEY) until the endpoint indicated in the corresponding figures.

Female 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from SLA Laboratory Animal (Changsha, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. 2 x 10⁶ A2780 or 1 x 10⁶ HEY cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to grow tumors up to approximately 100 mm³. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected olaparib (100 mg/kg) or/and liproxstatin-1 (10 mg/kg, A2780) or/and sulfasalazine (250 mg/kg, HEY) until the endpoint indicated in the corresponding figures.

Female 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from SLA Laboratory Animal (Changsha, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. 2 x 10⁶ A2780 or 1 x 10⁶ HEY cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to grow tumors up to approximately 100 mm³. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected olaparib (100 mg/kg) or/and liproxstatin-1 (10 mg/kg, A2780) or/and sulfasalazine (250 mg/kg, HEY) until the endpoint indicated in the corresponding figures.

Female 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from SLA Laboratory Animal (Changsha, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. 2 x 10⁶ A2780 or 1 x 10⁶ HEY cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to grow tumors up to approximately 100 mm³. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected olaparib (100 mg/kg) or/and liproxstatin-1 (10 mg/kg, A2780) or/and sulfasalazine (250 mg/kg, HEY) until the endpoint indicated in the corresponding figures.

Female 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from SLA Laboratory Animal (Changsha, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. 2 x 10⁶ A2780 or 1 x 10⁶ HEY cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to grow tumors up to approximately 100 mm³. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected olaparib (100 mg/kg) or/and liproxstatin-1 (10 mg/kg, A2780) or/and sulfasalazine (250 mg/kg, HEY) until the endpoint indicated in the corresponding figures.

Female 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from SLA Laboratory Animal (Changsha, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. 2 x 10⁶ A2780 or 1 x 10⁶ HEY cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to grow tumors up to approximately 100 mm³. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected olaparib (100 mg/kg) or/and liproxstatin-1 (10 mg/kg, A2780) or/and sulfasalazine (250 mg/kg, HEY) until the endpoint indicated in the corresponding figures.

Female 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from SLA Laboratory Animal (Changsha, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. 2 x 10⁶ A2780 or 1 x 10⁶ HEY cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to grow tumors up to approximately 100 mm³. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected olaparib (100 mg/kg) or/and liproxstatin-1 (10 mg/kg, A2780) or/and sulfasalazine (250 mg/kg, HEY) until the endpoint indicated in the corresponding figures.

Female 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from SLA Laboratory Animal (Changsha, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. 2 x 10⁶ A2780 or 1 x 10⁶ HEY cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to grow tumors up to approximately 100 mm³. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected olaparib (100 mg/kg) or/and liproxstatin-1 (10 mg/kg, A2780) or/and sulfasalazine (250 mg/kg, HEY) until the endpoint indicated in the corresponding figures.

Female 4- to 6-week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from SLA Laboratory Animal (Changsha, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. 2 x 10⁶ A2780 or 1 x 10⁶ HEY cells were injected subcutaneously into mice to grow tumors up to approximately 100 mm³. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected olaparib (100 mg/kg) or/and liproxstatin-1 (10 mg/kg, A2780) or/and sulfasalazine (250 mg/kg, HEY) until the endpoint indicated in the corresponding figures.

Twelve Nude female BALB/c-nu mice (5-weeks-old) were from Shanghai Lab. Animal Research Center (Shanghai, China). SKOV3 cells (5 x 10⁶) were injected subcutaneously into mice according to the previously described methods with minor changes. To evaluate the effect of ropivacaine on the growth of ovarian cancer, ropivacaine (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into mice referring to the previously reported methods with minor revisions. The size of the tumor was measured every day and the tumor volumes were calculated by the formula: length x width2/2 = tumor volume (mm³). When the tumor size reached 2000 mm³, all mice were sacrificed and the excised tumor tissues were weighed to evaluate the antitumor effect.

Twelve Nude female BALB/c-nu mice (5-weeks-old) were from Shanghai Lab. Animal Research Center (Shanghai, China). SKOV3 cells (5 x 10⁶) were injected subcutaneously into mice according to the previously described methods with minor changes. To evaluate the effect of ropivacaine on the growth of ovarian cancer, ropivacaine (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into mice referring to the previously reported methods with minor revisions. The size of the tumor was measured every day and the tumor volumes were calculated by the formula: length x width2/2 = tumor volume (mm³). When the tumor size reached 2000 mm³, all mice were sacrificed and the excised tumor tissues were weighed to evaluate the antitumor effect.

Tumor fragments from PDX models were grafted into the interscapular fat pad of 6-week-old female Swiss nude mice under avertin anesthesia. When tumors reached a volume of 60-200 mm³, mice were blindly assigned to control (vehicle, NaCl 0.9%) or treated groups (at least n = 9 per condition). Mice were treated intraperitoneally by carboplatin (ACCORD) at 66 mg / kg every three weeks and paclitaxel (KABI) at 12 mg / kg once a week.

Athymic nu/nu female mice aged 6-8 weeks (n = 9; mean weight, 20.21 ± 1.54 g) were purchased from the specific pathogen SPF (Beijing) Lab Animals Technology Co. Ltd. Mice were housed in a temperature- and humidity-controlled environment (20-24 , 45-55% humidity), with free access to food and water and in groups of three. All procedures were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC ID: 17-3256) at Nantong University and performed in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

All female BALB/cnude mice(4-6 weeks old, 15-20 g) were purchased from Hunan SJA Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. (Changsha, China). They were raised in specific pathogen-free conditions and allowed to access sterile water and food freely. A2780/DDP cell suspension (100 uL) with a density of 1 x 10⁷ cells/mL was injected subcutaneously into the axilla of the mice. After observing the nude mice for a week, it was confirmed that subcutaneous A2780/DDP cells were inoculated successfully. Sterile saline (100 uL) was injected into the abdominal cavity of the nude mice in the control group for 14 days. The mice in the DDP treatment group were given DDP (4 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally on the first and eighth days. TG (100 uL, 1 mg/kg) diluted with sterile physiological saline were injected into the abdominal cavity of the nude mice in the TG treatment group for 14 days. In addition, the nude mice in the TG + DDP treatment group were given TG (100 uL, 1 mg/kg) for 14 days and DDP (4 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally on the first and eighth days.

To develop platinum resistant OC cells in vivo, female (6-8 weeks old) athymic nude mice (Foxn1nu, Envigo) were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with 2 million SKOV3 or OVCAR3 cells, or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 2 million OVCAR5 cells to induce tumors.

To develop platinum resistant OC cells in vivo, female (6-8 weeks old) athymic nude mice (Foxn1nu, Envigo) were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with 2 million SKOV3 or OVCAR3 cells, or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 2 million OVCAR5 cells to induce tumors.

Athymic nu/nu female mice aged 6-8 weeks (n = 9; mean weight, 20.21 ± 1.54 g) were purchased from the specific pathogen SPF (Beijing) Lab Animals Technology Co. Ltd. Mice were housed in a temperature- and humidity-controlled environment (20-24 , 45-55% humidity), with free access to food and water and in groups of three. All procedures were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC ID: 17-3256) at Nantong University and performed in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

All female BALB/cnude mice(4-6 weeks old, 15-20 g) were purchased from Hunan SJA Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. (Changsha, China). They were raised in specific pathogen-free conditions and allowed to access sterile water and food freely. A2780/DDP cell suspension (100 uL) with a density of 1 x 10⁷ cells/mL was injected subcutaneously into the axilla of the mice. After observing the nude mice for a week, it was confirmed that subcutaneous A2780/DDP cells were inoculated successfully. Sterile saline (100 uL) was injected into the abdominal cavity of the nude mice in the control group for 14 days. The mice in the DDP treatment group were given DDP (4 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally on the first and eighth days. TG (100 uL, 1 mg/kg) diluted with sterile physiological saline were injected into the abdominal cavity of the nude mice in the TG treatment group for 14 days. In addition, the nude mice in the TG + DDP treatment group were given TG (100 uL, 1 mg/kg) for 14 days and DDP (4 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally on the first and eighth days.

BALB/c Nude female mice were adjusted for 7 days in a SPF room and divided into 2 groups (6 mice per group): DMSO and NL01 (5 mg/kg). NL01 was dissolved in 1% carboxymethylcellulose (Millipore, USA). DMSO (control) used the same volume of vehicle (1% carboxymethylcellulose). HO8910PM cells were grown in tissue culture, and counted. 1 x 10⁶ cells were inoculated to subcutaneously. Ten days after inoculation, the drugs were administered every five days subcutaneously to the mice for 15 days.

Athymic nu/nu female mice aged 6-8 weeks (n = 9; mean weight, 20.21 ± 1.54 g) were purchased from the specific pathogen SPF (Beijing) Lab Animals Technology Co. Ltd. Mice were housed in a temperature- and humidity-controlled environment (20-24 , 45-55% humidity), with free access to food and water and in groups of three. All procedures were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC ID: 17-3256) at Nantong University and performed in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.