General Information of the Drug (ID: ferrodrug0169)
Name
Triptolide
Synonyms
triptolide; 38748-32-2; Triptolid; PG490; NSC 163062; NSC-163062; 19ALD1S53J; CHEBI:9747; CHEMBL463763; PG-490; (1S,2S,4S,5S,7R,8R,9S,11S,13S)-8-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-3,6,10,16-tetraoxaheptacyclo[11.7.0.02,4.02,9.05,7.09,11.014,18]icos-14(18)-en-17-one; (3bS,4aS,5aS,6R,6aR,7aS,7bS,8aS,8bS)-6-hydroxy-8b-methyl-6a-(propan-2-yl)-3b,4,4a,6,6a,7a,7b,8b,9,10-decahydrotrisoxireno[6,7:8a,9:4b,5]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-1(3H)-one; (5bS,6aS,7aS,8R,8aR,9aS,9bS,10aS,10bS)-8-Hydroxy-8a-isopropyl-10b-methyl-1,5,5b,6,6a,8,8a,9a,9b,10b-decahydrotris(oxireno)[2',3':4b,5;2'',3'':6,7;2''',3''':8a,9]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-3(2H)-one; (6aS,7aS,8R,8aR,9aS,9bS,10aS,10bS)-8-hydroxy-8a-isopropyl-10b-methyl-1,5,5b,6,6a,8,8a,9a,9b,10b-decahydrotris(oxireno)[2',3':4b,5;2'',3'':6,7;2''',3''':8a,9]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-3(2H)-one.; SMR000466307; UNII-19ALD1S53J; NSC163062; Triptolide, 1; (3BS,4AS,5AS,6R,6AR,7AS,7BS,8AS,8BS)-3B,4,4A,6,6A,7A,7B,8B,9,10-DECAHYDRO-6-HYDROXY-8B-METHYL-6A-(1-METHYLETHYL)TRISOXIRENO(4B,5:6,7:8A,9)PHENANTHRO(1,2-C)FURAN-1(3H)-ONE; (3bS,4aS,5aS,6R,6aR,7aS,7bS,8aS,8bS)-3b,4,4a,6,6a,7a,7b,8b,9,10-Decahydro-6-hydroxy-8b-methyl-6a-(1-methylethyl)trisoxireno[4b,5:6,7:8a,9]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-1(3H)-one; Trisoxireno[6,7:8a,9:4b,5]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-1(3H)-one, 3b,4,4a,6,6a,7a,7b,8b,9,10-decahydro-6-hydroxy-8b-methyl-6a-(1-methylethyl)-, (3bS,4aS,5aS,6R,6aR,7aS,7bS,8aS,8bS)-; MFCD00210565; CPD000466307; TRIPTOLIDE [MI]; TRIPTOLIDE [WHO-DD]; BSPBio_001595; KBioGR_000315; KBioSS_000315; MLS000759410; MLS001424107; MLS006010844; SCHEMBL413634; DTXSID5041144; EX-A7744A; KBio2_000315; KBio2_002883; KBio2_005451; KBio3_000629; KBio3_000630; DFBIRQPKNDILPW-CIVMWXNOSA-N; Bio2_000315; Bio2_000795; HMS1361P17; HMS1791P17; HMS1989P17; HMS2051N13; HMS3402P17; 144539-79-7; TPL; BDBM50241049; NSC839303; s3604; AKOS022168197; AM84923; CCG-100957; CS-0286; DB12025; NC00207; NSC-839303; IDI1_034065; NCGC00163411-01; NCGC00163411-02; NCGC00163411-03; NCGC00163411-07; BP-25386; BS-16697; HY-32735; NCI60_001223; Trisoxireno(4b,5:6,7:8a,9)phenanthro(1,2-c)furan-1(3H)-one, 3b,4,4a,6,6a,7a,7b,8b,9,10-decahydro-6-hydroxy-8b-methyl-6a-(1-methylethyl)-, (3bS,4aS,5aS,6R,6aR,7aS,7bS,8aS,8bS)-; T2899; C09204; AB00639938-06; AB00639938-08; Q906351; Q-100450; BRD-K39484304-001-02-5; BRD-K39484304-001-06-6; BRD-K39484304-001-16-5; Triptolide, Tripterygium wilfordii - CAS 38748-32-2; (1S,2S,4S,5S,7R,8R,9S,11S)-8-Hydroxy-1-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-3,6,10,16-tetraoxaheptacyclo[11.7.0.02,4.02,9.05,7.09,11.014,18]icos-14(18)-en-17-one; (3BS,4AS,5AS,6R,6AR,7AS,7BS,8AS,8BS)-3B,4,4A,6,6A,7A,7B,8B,9,10-DECAHYDRO-6-HYDROXY-6A-ISOPROPYL-8B-METHYLTRISOXIRENO(6,7:8A,9:4B,5)PHENANTHRO(1,2-C)FURAN-1(3H)-ONE; (5bS,6aS,7aS,8R,8aR,9aS,9bS,10aS,10bS)-8-hydroxy-8a-isopropyl-10b-methyl-2,5,5b,6,6a,8,8a,9a,9b,10b-decahydrotris(oxireno)[2',3':4b,5;2'',3'':6,7;2''',3''':8a,9]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-3(1H)-one; Trisoxireno[4b,7:8a,9]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-(3H)-one, 3b,4,4a,6,6a,7a,7b,8b,9,10-decahydro-6-hydroxy-8b-methyl-6a-(1-methylethyl)-, [3bR-(3b.alpha.,4a.alpha.,5aS*,6.beta.,6a.beta.,7a.beta.,7b.alpha.,8aS*,8b.beta.)]-; Trisoxireno[4b,7:8a,9]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-1(3H)-one, 3b,4,4a,6,6a,7a,7b,8b,9,10-decahydro-6-hydroxy-8b-methyl-6a-(1-methylethyl)-, [3bR-(3b.alpha.,4a.alpha.,5aS*,6.beta.,6a.beta.,7a.beta.,7b.alpha.,8aS*,8b.beta.)]-

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Structure
Formula
C20H24O6
IUPAC Name
(1S,2S,4S,5S,7R,8R,9S,11S,13S)-8-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-propan-2-yl-3,6,10,16-tetraoxaheptacyclo[11.7.0.02,4.02,9.05,7.09,11.014,18]icos-14(18)-en-17-one
Canonical SMILES
CC(C)C12C(O1)C3C4(O3)C5(CCC6=C(C5CC7C4(C2O)O7)COC6=O)C
InChI
InChI=1S/C20H24O6/c1-8(2)18-13(25-18)14-20(26-14)17(3)5-4-9-10(7-23-15(9)21)11(17)6-12-19(20,24-12)16(18)22/h8,11-14,16,22H,4-7H2,1-3H3/t11-,12-,13-,14-,16+,17-,18-,19+,20+/m0/s1
InChIKey
DFBIRQPKNDILPW-CIVMWXNOSA-N
PubChem CID
107985
Full List of Ferroptosis Target Related to This Drug
Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPX4)
In total 1 item(s) under this Target
Experiment 1 Reporting the Ferroptosis-centered Drug Act on This Target [1]
Target for Ferroptosis Suppressor
Responsed Disease Ovarian cancer ICD-11: 2C73
Pathway Response Ferroptosis hsa04216
Cell Process Cell ferroptosis
In Vitro Model A2780/DDP cells Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_D619
In Vivo Model
All female BALB/cnude mice(4-6 weeks old, 15-20 g) were purchased from Hunan SJA Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. (Changsha, China). They were raised in specific pathogen-free conditions and allowed to access sterile water and food freely. A2780/DDP cell suspension (100 uL) with a density of 1 x 107 cells/mL was injected subcutaneously into the axilla of the mice. After observing the nude mice for a week, it was confirmed that subcutaneous A2780/DDP cells were inoculated successfully. Sterile saline (100 uL) was injected into the abdominal cavity of the nude mice in the control group for 14 days. The mice in the DDP treatment group were given DDP (4 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally on the first and eighth days. TG (100 uL, 1 mg/kg) diluted with sterile physiological saline were injected into the abdominal cavity of the nude mice in the TG treatment group for 14 days. In addition, the nude mice in the TG + DDP treatment group were given TG (100 uL, 1 mg/kg) for 14 days and DDP (4 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally on the first and eighth days.

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Response regulation Tripterygium (TG) can effectively inhibit the proliferation of drug-resistant ovarian tumor cells A2780/DDP and increase the sensitivity to cisplatin chemotherapy both invitro and invivo. In terms of mechanism, TG induces ferroptosis by targeting the NRF2/GPX4 signal axis to weaken the antioxidant capacity of cancer cells.
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2)
In total 2 item(s) under this Target
Experiment 1 Reporting the Ferroptosis-centered Drug Act on This Target [2]
Target for Ferroptosis Marker/Suppressor
Responsed Disease Myeloid leukaemia ICD-11: 2B33
Pathway Response Fatty acid metabolism hsa01212
Cell Process Cell ferroptosis
In Vitro Model K-562 cells Chronic myelogenous leukemia Homo sapiens CVCL_0004
HL-60 cells Adult acute myeloid leukemia Homo sapiens CVCL_0002
HEK-293T cells Normal Homo sapiens CVCL_0063
Response regulation Triptolide inhibited Nrf2 expression and induced leukemia cell ferroptosis, as evidenced by increased ROS levels and lipid oxidation as well as decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 expression. Therefore, it is plausible that triptolide can promote leukemia cell sensitivity to DOX via downregulation of Nrf2 expression.
Experiment 2 Reporting the Ferroptosis-centered Drug Act on This Target [1]
Target for Ferroptosis Marker/Suppressor
Responsed Disease Ovarian cancer ICD-11: 2C73
Pathway Response Ferroptosis hsa04216
Cell Process Cell ferroptosis
In Vitro Model A2780/DDP cells Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma Homo sapiens CVCL_D619
In Vivo Model
All female BALB/cnude mice(4-6 weeks old, 15-20 g) were purchased from Hunan SJA Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. (Changsha, China). They were raised in specific pathogen-free conditions and allowed to access sterile water and food freely. A2780/DDP cell suspension (100 uL) with a density of 1 x 107 cells/mL was injected subcutaneously into the axilla of the mice. After observing the nude mice for a week, it was confirmed that subcutaneous A2780/DDP cells were inoculated successfully. Sterile saline (100 uL) was injected into the abdominal cavity of the nude mice in the control group for 14 days. The mice in the DDP treatment group were given DDP (4 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally on the first and eighth days. TG (100 uL, 1 mg/kg) diluted with sterile physiological saline were injected into the abdominal cavity of the nude mice in the TG treatment group for 14 days. In addition, the nude mice in the TG + DDP treatment group were given TG (100 uL, 1 mg/kg) for 14 days and DDP (4 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally on the first and eighth days.

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Response regulation Tripterygium (TG) can effectively inhibit the proliferation of drug-resistant ovarian tumor cells A2780/DDP and increase the sensitivity to cisplatin chemotherapy both invitro and invivo. In terms of mechanism, TG induces ferroptosis by targeting the NRF2/GPX4 signal axis to weaken the antioxidant capacity of cancer cells.
References
Ref 1 Tripterygium glycosides reverse chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer by targeting the NRF2/GPX4 signal axis to induce ferroptosis of drug-resistant human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2023 Jul 12;665:178-186. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.111. Epub 2023 Apr 29.
Ref 2 Triptolide promotes ferroptosis by suppressing Nrf2 to overcome leukemia cell resistance to doxorubicin. Mol Med Rep. 2023 Jan;27(1):17. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12904. Epub 2022 Dec 1.