Fifty-six 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were obtained from the Experimental Animal Center of Yangzhou University (Yangzhou, China). Controls underwent a sham operation that consisted of exposure, but not ligation, of the common bile duct. Erastin (30 mg/kg, once every other day) and sorafenib (10 mg/kg, once every other day) were suspended in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Sigma, P5368) and given by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks after the BDL operation. VA-Lip-control-vector and VA-Lip-Zfp36-plasmid (0.75 mg/kg) were administered intravenously 3 times a week for 2 weeks after the BDL operation.

The xenografts were established via the subcutaneous inoculation of U251 cells (1 x 10⁷ cells/per mouse) into the armpit of one mouse. After two weeks of growth, the cancer tissues were cut into pieces with the dimensions of 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 mm³ and inoculated subcutaneously into the right armpit of the mice with a puncture needle. When tumor volume reached approximately 80 mm³, mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5): Vehicle control, ART (20 mg/kg), ART (40 mg/kg), and TMZ (40 mg/kg). TMZ was used as the positive control. Drugs and vehicle were given by intraperitoneal injection daily for 21 days. Tumor volume and body weight were measured every three days.

Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Hubei University of Medicine (Shiyan, China). The SiO2-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model was performed. In brief, each group of mice was anesthetized with 1% pentobarbital sodium intraperitoneally at 40 mg/kg body weight and their tracheae had been surgically exposed. In addition, SiO2 suspension (20 mg in 50 ul saline) was instilled in the mice. The vehicle control groups were given an equivalent amount of 0.9% sterile saline. After one week of acclimation, mice were divided randomly into four groups (n = 8 per group). Control group, SiO2 group, SiO2 and low dose of DHQ group (DHQ-L, 10 mg/kg) as well as large dose of DHQ group (DHQ-H, 50 mg/kg).

Fifty-six 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were obtained from the Experimental Animal Center of Yangzhou University (Yangzhou, China). Controls underwent a sham operation that consisted of exposure, but not ligation, of the common bile duct. Erastin (30 mg/kg, once every other day) and sorafenib (10 mg/kg, once every other day) were suspended in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Sigma, P5368) and given by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks after the BDL operation. VA-Lip-control-vector and VA-Lip-Zfp36-plasmid (0.75 mg/kg) were administered intravenously 3 times a week for 2 weeks after the BDL operation.

Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of Yangzhou University (Yangzhou, China). Sorafenib (10 mg/kg, once every other day) was suspended in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Sigma, P5368) and given by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks after the BDL operation. The livers were collected 2 weeks after surgery under general anesthesia.

Fifty-six 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were obtained from the Experimental Animal Center of Yangzhou University (Yangzhou, China). Controls underwent a sham operation that consisted of exposure, but not ligation, of the common bile duct. Erastin (30 mg/kg, once every other day) and sorafenib (10 mg/kg, once every other day) were suspended in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Sigma, P5368) and given by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks after the BDL operation. VA-Lip-control-vector and VA-Lip-Zfp36-plasmid (0.75 mg/kg) were administered intravenously 3 times a week for 2 weeks after the BDL operation.

Adult male C57BL/6 mice (eight weeks of age) were used for in vivo experiments. We randomly divided mice into four groups with 9 mice per group: SHAM + AAV9-GFP, SHAM + AAV9-NCOA4, DMM + AAV9-GFP, and DMM + AAV9-NCOA4 groups. For in vivo experiment of SP600125 administration, we randomly divided mice into three groups with 6 mice per group: DMM + AAV9-GFP, DMM + AAV9-GFP + SP600125, and DMM + AAV9-NCOA4 + SP600125. 10 ul of SP600125 (1 mg/kg) or vehicle solution was injected articularly once per week for 7 weeks.

A total of eight male BALB/c nude mice (4-5 weeks old; weight, 13-18 g) were obtained from Beijing Vital River Laboratories. The mice were randomly divided into the following two groups: The NC + SF and sh-PTBP1 + SF groups. Hep3B cells (2 x 10⁶) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of each mouse. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with SF (10 mg/kg) every 2 days for 2 weeks.

Six-week-old male BALB/c-nu mice were provided by Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co. Ltd. All mice were randomly divided into 6 equal groups (CAL62-NC-Blank, CAL62-NC-sulfasalazine, CAL62-NC-sulfasalazine + CQ; CAL62-SIRT6-Blank, CAL62-SIRT6-sulfasalazine, CAL62-SIRT6-sulfasalazine + CQ). CAL62-NC or CAL62-SIRT6 cells (5 x 10⁶) suspended in 100 ul PBS were injected subcutaneously into the axilla of each nude mouse. After 5 days, the mice were treated with different reagents: solvent (100 ul 0.1 M NaOH and 100 ul saline), sulfasalazine (200 mg/kg, i.p., dissolved in 100 ul 0.1 M NaOH), CQ (50 mg/kg, i.p., dissolved in 100 ul saline).

Mice were divided into two groups (10 mice per group) and anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection (80 uL) containing ketamine HCl (25 mg/mL), xylazine (2.5 mg/mL), and 14.25% ethyl alcohol (diluted 1:3 in 0.9% NaCl). U87MG-NC and U87MG-sh-COPZ1#1 glioma cells (10⁶ cells diluted in 10 uL PBS per animal) were injected into the right frontal lobes of each mouse using the following coordinates: 1 mm anterior and 2.5 mm lateral to the bregma, at a depth of 2 mm.

ICR mice (8-week-old, 18-22 g) were obtained from Yangzhou University (Yangzhou, China). There were 8 mice in each group and they were randomly divided into 6 groups. Mice were treated with Vehicle, CCl4, VA-Lip-control-vector+CCl4+Erastin, VA-Lip-Mettl4-shRNA+CCl4+Erastin, VA-Lip-Fto-plasmid+CCl4+Erastin, VA-Lip- Ythdf1-shRNA+CCl4+Erastin, respectively. A mixture of olive oil and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (9:1 (v/v)) was used to trigger liver fibrosis in mouse model by intraperitoneal injection (0.1 ml/20 g body weight), according to our previous reports.

All mice were housed in a specific pathogen-free environment under a standard 12 h light-dark cycle at 25 and had ad libitum access to food and water. Approximately 4 x 10⁶ KYSE510 cells in 100 uL of normal saline were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of mice (n = 20 in total). All mice were allocated to a control or 10 mg/kg allicin group (n = 10 per group), as previously described (Suddek 2014). The mice were orally administered allicin or normal saline once daily for 28 days.

The nude mice were raised in our laboratory for a week before the experiment. Then, 5 x 10⁶ MKN-1 cells were subcutaneously injected to establish the subcutaneous xenograft tumour model in nude mice. When the maximum diameter of the xenograft tumours grew steadily to 1 cm, they were dissected completely and cut into 1 mm³ tissue fragments. Then, the tissue fragment was inserted into the surface of the serosa on the greater curvature of the stomach. Different doses of PB (2.5 mg/kg or 5.0 mg/kg) were given by intraperitoneal injection once a day for 3 weeks. The control group was given the same volume of vehicle. The positive control group was given 5-Fu at the dose of 10 mg/kg. The body weight and tumour size of nude mice were recorded. Mice were administered fluorescein substrate (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for in vivo imaging twice a week on a Xenogen IVIS 200 imaging system (Caliper Life Sciences, USA). The tumour inhibition rate was analysed using LT Living Image 4.3 Software.

To generate murine subcutaneous tumors, 5 x 10⁶ PANC1 cells in 100 ul PBS were injected subcutaneously into the right of the dorsal midline in 6- to 8-week-old femaleathymic nude mice(n = 6 mice/group). After the tumor reached 60-80 mm³ on day 7, the mice were randomly grouped and then given intraperitoneal injections with itaconic acid (50 mg/kg, once every other day) at day 7 for 2 weeks.

Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with weights ranging from 250-270 g were obtained from experimental animal center of Xiamen university. For diabetes model group, fasting was performed for 12 h before experiment. The rats (ten rats per group) were assigned into Control group, Model (DM) treated with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) via abdominal injection, positive control group and experimental groups. The blood glucose level, which is served as the indicator for the diabetes, was monitored herein. The glucose level after modeling is above 16.7 mmol/l, supporting that the modeling is successful.

Twenty male C57BL/6 mice at 12 weeks old were purchased from Hebei Medical University Experimental Animal Center. 10 mice of the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with PQ (10 mg PQ (salt)/kg/dose) three times a week for 3 weeks according to the previous report. Ten mice of the control group were intraperitoneally injected with the same dose of normal saline. Once the experimental schedule was completed, firstly, the animals were used for behavioral tests. Then, the mice were anesthetized with 0.4% pentobarbital sodium (1 mL/100 g) solution and perfused. The substantia nigra tissue was exfoliated for subsequent experiments.

Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (4 weeks old, 90-110 g) were obtained from the Vital River Biological company. Rats were kept in a specific-pathogen-free (SPF) environment, with access to food and tap water at an ambient temperature of 20-22 . All institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed. The protocols were reviewed and approved by the Institution of Animal Care and Use Committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (IACUC, license no. 20200303).

Fifty specific pathogen-free male SpragueDawley rats (weighing 210-240 g) were purchased from Beijing Huakang Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). The DS model was established by injecting 1% streptozotocin into the tail vein at 60 mg/kg dose. After 3 days, if the fasting blood glucose level was higher than 16.7 mmol/L, the DS model was successfully built. The NS and the I/R group were given 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Thereafter, the general conditions for normal and DM rats are showed in Table Table2.2. After 8 weeks, all the rats were intraperitoneally injected with 1.5% sodium pentobarbital at a dose of 0.005 mL/g. They were given electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring management.

Adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats weighing 260-280 g were purchased from Qinglongshan Animal Farm (Nanjing, China). After a week of adaptation, the rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 8): (1) sham group, rats receiving saline gavage and sham surgery were used as control group; (2) I/R model group, rats receiving saline gavage and left anterior descending (LAD) ligation surgery were used as the model group; (3) C3G-10 group, I/R model plus intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg C3G; (4) C3G-20 group, I/R model plus intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg C3G; and (5) DIL group, I/R model plus oral administration of 20 mg/kg diltiazem. C3G and DIL were dissolved in DMSO and then diluted with saline so that the DMSO concentration was less than 0.1% (v/v).

Male C57BL/6 mice (aged 6-8 weeks and weighing 22-25g) were obtained from the Experimental Animal Center, Sichuan Provincial Peoples Hospital, and were fed a standard laboratory diet. LPS and ISL were dissolved in normal saline and 0.5% Tween-20/saline, respectively. AKI mice were developed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) LPS injection. A total of 30 mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5): control, ISL, Fer, LPS, LPS plus ISL, and LPS plus Fer. An intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) was made to induce septic AKI. ISL was administered via gavage at 50 mg/kg 30 min before LPS injection. Mice were dosed intraperitoneally with Fer (Ferrostatin-1, SML0583, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at 5 mg/kg. Mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation 8 h after LPS injection. Kidney tissue and serum samples were collected concurrently.

Five-week-old male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats (130-180 g) were used as experimental subjects. The control group had a normal diet, and the stone model group drank water containing 0.75% ethylene glycol. After feeding for one month, rats were sacrificed, and their kidneys were removed and subjected to silver nitrate staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting on the specimens of the normal control group and the kidney stone model group to explore the expression of NCOA4 in kidney stone model rats.

Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (18-20 g) were obtained from Zhejiang Vital River Laboratory (Zhejiang, China). 32 mice were divided randomly into 4 groups: Saline group (CONT), 25 mg/kg/day ACR group (ACR), 25 mg/kg/day ACR with a low dose of 25 mg/kg/day QCT group (ACR + QCT (L)), and 25 mg/kg/day ACR with a high dose of 50 mg/kg/day QCT group (ACR + QCT (H)), 8 animals in each group.