Adult male athymic BALB/c nude mice (20-22 g of 5-week-old mice) were housed in a controlled environment at 23 ± 2 and 40%-70% humidity under a 12 h dark/light cycle with free access to irradiated food and sterile water. A suspension of 6 x 10⁶/100 uL TCA-8113 cells was inoculated subcutaneously into the hind flank region of each nude mouse. The average tumor volume in nude mice reached 100 mm³, and mice were randomly divided into three groups. Quisinostat was formulated in normal saline and administered at 3 and 10 mg/kg/day byintraperitoneal injection. Control mice were given equal volume saline intraperitoneally. The tumor volume and the bodyweight of mice were monitored every three days.

The tumorigenicity analysis was conducted in BALB/c nude mice (6-weeks-old, male). The mice were maintained at pathogen-free condition. The 5 x 10⁶ CAL27 cells were treated with control shRNA or circFNDC3B shRNA and subcutaneously injected into the nude mice (N = 5). The mice were sacrificed after 30 days and the tumor volume was calculated using the formula of (length x width2)/2.

The tumorigenicity analysis was conducted in BALB/c nude mice (6-weeks-old, male). The mice were maintained at pathogen-free condition. The 5 x 10⁶ CAL27 cells were treated with control shRNA or circFNDC3B shRNA and subcutaneously injected into the nude mice (N = 5). The mice were sacrificed after 30 days and the tumor volume was calculated using the formula of (length x width2)/2.