In total, 40 male specific- pathogen-free C57BL/6 mice (Hubei Animal Experimental Center) 6-8 weeks old. The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: The normal group, model group, 15 mg/kg GLY group, 30 mg/kg GLY group and 60 mg/kg GLY group. Except for the normal group, the other four groups of mice were injected intraperitoneally with D-GalN (400 mg/kg) and LPS (100 ug/kg) to induce the ALF model. According to a previous study on GLY gavage doses, three doses of GLY (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg/day) intervention groups were used. A total of 24 mice were divided into three groups. Mice received gavage with different doses of GLY for 3 days before induction of the ALF model.

In total, 40 male specific- pathogen-free C57BL/6 mice (Hubei Animal Experimental Center) 6-8 weeks old. The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: The normal group, model group, 15 mg/kg GLY group, 30 mg/kg GLY group and 60 mg/kg GLY group. Except for the normal group, the other four groups of mice were injected intraperitoneally with D-GalN (400 mg/kg) and LPS (100 ug/kg) to induce the ALF model. According to a previous study on GLY gavage doses, three doses of GLY (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg/day) intervention groups were used. A total of 24 mice were divided into three groups. Mice received gavage with different doses of GLY for 3 days before induction of the ALF model.

Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 20, 6-8-week-old, b.w. 18-23 g) were purchased from SJA Laboratory Animal Co Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, China. Mice were given 600 mg/kg D-GalN (Sigma-Aldrich) and 30 ug/kg LPS (Sigma-Aldrich) by intraperitoneal injection. Mice in Sham group were received saline injection. For Fer-1 treatment, mice were received 10 mg/kg Fer-1 at 1 h prior to D-GalN and LPS injection. The wild-type (WT) or HBx-Tg mice were then subjected to D-GalN and LPS administration. For GSK126 treatment, wild-type (WT) or HBx-Tg mice were received GSK126 (150 mg/kg) prior to D-GalN and LPS administration.