Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-220 g) were purchased from Weitonglihua Company (Beijing, China) and maintained in a pathogen-free facility. After one week of adaptive feeding, a total of 30 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10 rats/group): a control group; bleomycin (BLM) group; and BLM + sh-ZFAS1 group. Rats in the BLM group were administered 5 mg/kg BLM (Nippon Kayaku, Japan) dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and administered to the rats intratracheally to establish the PF model. Rats in the control group were treated with 0.05 mL PBS. Rats in the BLM + sh-ZFAS1 group were injected intraperitoneally with 30 uL lncRNA ZFAS1 shRNA adeno-associated virus 5 (Vigene Biosciences, USA) for 3 weeks prior to an injection of 5 mg/kg BLM sulfate.

Male nude mice (5-week-old) were purchased from Jinan Pengyue Animal Breeding Center (Jinan, China). Next, mice models were established by subcutaneously injecting A549 cells (1 x 10⁶ cells/100 uL) into the right armpit flanks, which were stably transfected with sh-NC or sh-OGFRP1. Tumor formation was monitored and tumor volume was calculated every week for 5 weeks according to the formula: tumor volume = 1/2 (length x width2). Totally 35 days upon injection, the mice were euthanized and the tumors were dissected out from the right armpit flanks and weighted. The tumor tissues of nude mice with lung cancer were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately and stored at -80 for further research.

Male nude mice (5-week-old) were purchased from Jinan Pengyue Animal Breeding Center (Jinan, China). Next, mice models were established by subcutaneously injecting A549 cells (1 x 10⁶ cells/100 uL) into the right armpit flanks, which were stably transfected with sh-NC or sh-OGFRP1. Tumor formation was monitored and tumor volume was calculated every week for 5 weeks according to the formula: tumor volume = 1/2 (length x width2). Totally 35 days upon injection, the mice were euthanized and the tumors were dissected out from the right armpit flanks and weighted. The tumor tissues of nude mice with lung cancer were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately and stored at -80 for further research.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-220 g) were purchased from Weitonglihua Company (Beijing, China) and maintained in a pathogen-free facility. After one week of adaptive feeding, a total of 30 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10 rats/group): a control group; bleomycin (BLM) group; and BLM + sh-ZFAS1 group. Rats in the BLM group were administered 5 mg/kg BLM (Nippon Kayaku, Japan) dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and administered to the rats intratracheally to establish the PF model. Rats in the control group were treated with 0.05 mL PBS. Rats in the BLM + sh-ZFAS1 group were injected intraperitoneally with 30 uL lncRNA ZFAS1 shRNA adeno-associated virus 5 (Vigene Biosciences, USA) for 3 weeks prior to an injection of 5 mg/kg BLM sulfate.

Sprague-Dawley (SD, weight: 200-220 g) rats were obtained from Hunan SJA laboratory animal company (Changsha, Hunan, China). SD rats were anaesthetized by sodium pentobarbital (45 mg/kg, i.p.) and secured in a stereotaxic frame. The aseptically cannula was implanted into lateral ventricle according to the following coordinates: AP: -1mm; ML: 2 mm; DV: 4 mm. During experiment, the unilateral ventricle of rats was received 2.5 ul FA (0.1, 1, 10 umol) according to the experiment scheme in vivo.