Six-to-eight week old male ICR mice were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). All animal procedures have been approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Ruijin hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Shanghai, China). Efforts were made as much as possible to reduce the number of mice used and to minimize suffering. Herein, a total of 51 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: (i) sham group (n = 15), (ii) ICH group (n = 18), and (iii) ICH + Rot group (n = 18). To be specific, the current study was divided into two parts of the experimental design. Part 1: to observe the effects of Rot on the mitochondria-related genes, iron levels, MDA levels, SOD activity, hematoma volume, brain edema, and ultrastructural changes of mitochondria, animals were randomly divided into the sham group (n = 9), ICH group (n = 12), and ICH + Rot group (n = 12). All mice were euthanized at 3 d after operation and brain samples were harvested, as per our previously described reports. Part 2: to observe the effect of Rot on neurological deficits following ICH, 18 mice were randomly divided into additional 3 groups (sham group, ICH group, and ICH + Rot group). We evaluated mNSS scores at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after ICH. We also assessed the memory function with the MWM test at 14 days after ICH.